Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary, located in Sahibganj district of Jharkhand, is the state’s only bird sanctuary and one of eastern India’s most remarkable wetland habitats. Spread across 5.65 square kilometres, this peaceful sanctuary is formed by two scenic backwater lakes of the Ganga River, Pataura Jheel and Berhale Jheel.

Known for its seasonal arrival of migratory birds, rich aquatic ecosystem, and calm natural beauty, Udhwa has become an important destination for bird watchers, researchers, photographers, and nature lovers. In 2025, the sanctuary received global recognition after being declared a Ramsar Site, highlighting its international ecological value.

“A living wetland ecosystem where water, wildlife, and seasonal migration exist in harmony.”

Ramsar Site Recognition

Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary was included in the list of Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance in February 2025. This recognition is given to wetlands that play a vital role in biodiversity conservation, water balance, and ecological sustainability. The Ramsar tag has brought national attention to Udhwa and strengthened the need for long-term conservation of this rare wetland ecosystem.

Ecological Importance

Udhwa is a naturally formed wetland connected to the Ganga river system. It functions as a floodwater storage zone during monsoon seasons and helps maintain water balance in the surrounding region. The lakes, marshes, aquatic plants, and surrounding open land together create a habitat that supports fish, insects, reptiles, amphibians, and many bird species

Conservation focus: Because of its environmental importance, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has also shown interest in wetland management and protection efforts in the area.

Bird Diversity at Udhwa

According to recent bird census observations, Udhwa supports a highly diverse bird population during different seasons. Recorded highlights include:

58 bird species documented across seasons
18,009 birds counted in recent survey observations
16 bird families represented
6 threatened species recorded
Both resident and migratory birds

During winter months, large numbers of birds arrive from colder regions such as Siberia, Central Asia, and parts of Europe. This seasonal movement transforms the sanctuary into one of the most vibrant bird habitats in eastern India.

Notable Birds Found Here

Some of the commonly seen and ecologically important birds include:

Intermediate Egret (Mesophoyx intermedia) – Manjhla Bagula
Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) – Gai Bagula
Indian Pond Heron (Ardeola grayii) – Andha Bagula
Asian Openbill Stork (Anastomus oscitans) – Ghonghil
Woolly-necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus) – Lak Lak
Lesser Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus)
Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina) – Lalsar Batakh
Purple Swamphen (Porphyrio porphyrio) – Kharim
Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus)
Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus)

Birdwatchers visiting in peak season may also spot jacanas, gulls, wagtails, swallows, lapwings, and wetland ducks.

The Twin Lakes of Udhwa

Pataura Jheel

Pataura Jheel covers around 155 hectares and is relatively deeper compared to nearby wetlands. Its calm water surface and surrounding vegetation make it suitable for aquatic birds and nesting activity.

Berhale Jheel

Berhale Jheel, also known locally as Brahma Jamalpur Jheel, covers nearly 410 hectares. It is shallower and rich in aquatic plants, making it ideal for wading birds and feeding flocks. Both lakes remain connected through natural water channels, helping sustain the wetland ecosystem throughout the year.

Flora and Wetland Life

Apart from birds, the sanctuary supports rich aquatic biodiversity. Studies have recorded algae species, floating plants, aquatic grasses, plankton, and macrophytes that form the base of the food chain. This natural vegetation attracts insects, fish, amphibians, and water birds, creating a balanced self-sustaining ecosystem.

Best Time to Visit

The most suitable time to visit Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary is from November to March. This is when migratory birds arrive and weather conditions remain comfortable.

Early morning: 6 AM to 9 AM (peak bird activity)
Late afternoon: 4 PM to 6 PM (softer light, peaceful atmosphere)

Visitor tip: These hours offer better bird movement, softer light, and peaceful surroundings. Carry binoculars and neutral-coloured clothing for the best experience.

Visitor Experience

Udhwa offers a quiet and refreshing experience for anyone who enjoys nature. Popular activities include bird watching, wildlife photography, nature walks, scenic lake views, and short peaceful excursions. Unlike crowded tourist places, Udhwa remains calm, natural, and less commercial.

Location and Accessibility

Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary is located in Rajmahal subdivision of Sahibganj district, Jharkhand. Nearby access points include:

Barharwa Junction – around 15 to 18 km
Sahibganj town – around 42 km
Bhagalpur – around 117 km
Howrah side rail route via Barharwa

The sanctuary is reachable by road from nearby towns.

Nearby Places to Explore

Rajmahal Hills
Farakka Barrage
Moti Jharna Waterfall
Ganga riverbank areas

Conservation Status

Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary was officially established in 1991 to protect migratory and resident birds. Today it is recognised as:

Jharkhand’s only bird sanctuary
Ramsar Site (2025)
Important Bird Area (IBA)
Important eastern Indian wetland habitat

Its conservation is supported through forest and wetland management initiatives.

Conclusion

Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary is more than just a bird habitat. It is a living wetland ecosystem where water, wildlife, and seasonal migration exist in harmony. For Jharkhand, it represents natural pride. For bird lovers, it offers a rare and peaceful experience. For conservationists, it is a site of growing importance. With global Ramsar recognition and increasing awareness, Udhwa now has the opportunity to become one of eastern India’s most respected nature destinations.

Environment

Udhwa Lake Bird Sanctuary: Jharkhand’s Hidden Paradise for Migratory Birds